🖼️ Alt Text Complete Guide

Master the art of writing descriptive, accessible, and SEO-friendly alt text for all images on your website.

Why Alt Text Matters

Accessibility

Screen readers use alt text to describe images to visually impaired users, making your content inclusive.

🔍

SEO Value

Search engines read alt text to understand image content, helping you rank in image search results.

⚠️

Image Fallback

Alt text displays when images fail to load, ensuring users still understand the content.

⚖️

Legal Compliance

Many accessibility laws require alt text on images, including WCAG 2.1 and ADA requirements.

Best Practices

Do: Write Descriptive Alt Text

Descriptive & Contextual
<img src="lion-mane.jpg" alt="Fresh lion's mane mushroom growing on oak log, showing white cascading spines">
Functional Description
<img src="chart.jpg" alt="Bar chart showing psilocybin research funding increased 300% from 2018 to 2023">

Don't: Use Poor Alt Text

Too Vague
<img src="mushroom.jpg" alt="mushroom">
Keyword Stuffed
<img src="recipe.jpg" alt="mushroom recipe best mushroom recipe easy mushroom cooking">
Starts with "Image of"
<img src="forest.jpg" alt="Image of forest">

Alt Text by Image Type

📷

Informative Images

Photos and graphics that convey information or concepts to the reader.

Recommendation: Describe the content and function of the image in context.
🎨

Decorative Images

Images used purely for visual appeal with no informational value.

Recommendation: Use empty alt text: alt="" (not omit the attribute entirely).
🔗

Functional Images

Images used as links or buttons that trigger an action.

Recommendation: Describe the action, not the image (e.g., "Submit form" not "Green button").
📊

Complex Images

Charts, graphs, diagrams, and infographics with detailed data.

Recommendation: Provide summary in alt text plus detailed description nearby or linked.
📝

Images of Text

Images that contain readable text as their primary content.

Recommendation: Include all the text from the image in the alt attribute.
👥

Group Images

Multiple images forming a single piece of information (e.g., star ratings).

Recommendation: Describe the collective meaning on one image, leave others empty.

How to Write Great Alt Text

Follow these guidelines to create alt text that serves both accessibility and SEO purposes effectively.

1 Be specific and concise. Describe what's actually in the image, not what you think should be there.
2 Consider context. The same image might need different alt text depending on where it appears.
3 Don't start with "image of" or "picture of." Screen readers already announce it as an image.
4 Include relevant keywords naturally. Don't force keywords—they should fit the description.
5 Keep it under 125 characters. Some screen readers cut off alt text after this length.

Real-World Examples

🍄
Product page for dried mushrooms
"mushroom"
⚠️ "dried reishi mushrooms"
"100g bag of sliced dried reishi mushrooms with visible gill patterns"
📊
Research article infographic
"chart"
⚠️ "research data visualization"
"Pie chart: 67% of participants reported improved mood after 4 weeks of microdosing"

Alt Text Length Guidelines

1-20 chars
Too short
Usually too vague
50-125 chars
Ideal length
Recommended range
125-150 chars
Getting long
May be truncated
150+ chars
Too long
Use longdesc instead

💡 Pro Tip: Aim for 50-125 characters. If you need more, consider adding a caption or linking to a detailed description.

Accessibility Considerations

🔊

Screen Readers

JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver read alt text aloud. Write as if you're describing the image to someone over the phone.

⌨️

Keyboard Navigation

Users navigating with keyboards rely on alt text for image links. Always describe the destination or action.

📋

WCAG Compliance

WCAG 2.1 Level A requires text alternatives for non-text content. Alt text is the primary method for images.

SEO Impact of Alt Text

🖼️

Image Search

Alt text helps images rank in Google Images, driving additional traffic.

🔗

Anchor Text

When images are links, alt text serves as anchor text for SEO value.

📄

Page Context

Alt text adds keyword-rich content that helps search engines understand page topics.

🎯

Relevance Signals

Properly optimized alt text reinforces topical relevance for target keywords.

Alt Text Checklist

📝 Writing

♿ Accessibility

🔍 SEO

✓ Technical